Bulk density is a fundamental property of granular materials that is widely used in various industries, including agriculture, construction, and pharmaceuticals. It is defined as the mass of a material divided by its volume, and it provides valuable information about the packing and flow characteristics of the material. To determine the bulk density of a sample, a bulk density apparatus is commonly used in laboratories. Bulk Density Apparatus consists of a cylindrical container with a known volume, usually made of stainless steel or aluminum. The container is filled with the sample material, which is carefully leveled off to ensure a uniform surface. The mass of the sample is then measured using a balance with high precision. To determine the volume of the sample, the container is placed on a vibrating table or tapped gently to settle the material and remove any air voids. This process, known as compaction, ensures that the sample is packed as densely as possible. The volume of the sample is then calculated by dividing the mass of the sample by its bulk density. The bulk density apparatus also includes a lid or cover that is placed on top of the container to prevent any spillage or loss of material during the compaction process. The lid may have a hole or opening to allow for the insertion of a funnel or tube, which can be used to add or remove material from the container without disturbing the sample. In addition to the container and lid, the bulk density apparatus may also include a leveling device, such as a ruler or straight edge, to ensure that the sample is evenly distributed and leveled off. This is important to obtain accurate and reproducible results. Once the sample has been compacted and the volume has been determined, the bulk density of the material can be calculated by dividing the mass of the sample by its volume. The bulk density is usually expressed in units of grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).